NiTi形状记忆合金基本驱动特性

研究了预应变ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金的基本驱动特性，结果表明，加热和冷却过程回复力存在滞后行为；卸载过程中应力与应变具有与加热、冷却过程相关的非线性关系；卸尖力随卸载应变速率增加而降低，此外研究了预应变ＮｉＴｉ合金丝产生回复力后对外应力的响应行为。     

The influence of the alloying elements upon the transformation kinetics and morphologies of ferrite plates in alloy steels

A series of Fe-C-X and Fe-C-X₁-X₂ alloys in which X, X₁ and X₂ either raise or depress the activity of C iny were investigated by autodilatometer, optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal the relations among the chemical composition, transformation kinetics, and morphology of ferrite plates. The incubation time of austenite decomposition at the nose temperature in the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams, the concentration of C in y in contact with theα/gg boundary, and the growth rate of ferrite were evaluated to estimate the magnitude of the solute drag-like effect (SDLE) for the different alloying elements used. All the results are consistent qualitatively with the SDLE hypothesis. This article is based on a presentation made at the Pacific Rim Conference on the “Roles of Shear and Diffusion in the Formation of Plate-Shaped Transformation Products,” held December 18-22, 1992, in Kona, Hawaii, under the auspices of ASM INTERNATIONAL’S Phase Transformations Committee.     

玻璃包装改进及经济效益分析

论述了平板玻璃包装技术改进对提高包装质量和企业经济效益的影响,介绍了平板玻璃包装箱(架)的性能,简述了计算机辅助设计及计算机辅助管理在玻璃包装结构设计及包装质量管理中的效用。     

A reduced basis approach to quantifying damage dependent dynamic response of laminated composite structures

A finite element (FE) based formulation is utilized to represent the damage-dependent response of laminated composite structures. An internal-state-variable (ISV) approach provides a definition of the stiffness reduction caused by intralaminar crack propagation at the ply level. These ISVs are combined with simple stress criteria to accommodate ply property changes caused by fiber fracture, fiber microbuckling and interior delaminations. A set of orthogonal Ritz vectors are chosen as basis vectors to transform the dynamical equations of motion to a reduced coordinate space. The reduced basis form of the equations provides significant numerical efficiencies, especially for large ordered systems. Furthermore, damping and its variation with damage can be generally represented in any number of vibratory modes. The Newmark integration operator is used to solve the dynamic equations of motion, and equilibrium iterations are performed in each incremental time step to assure convergence. Results are given for laminated beam and plate geometries subjected to dynamic loads.     

Epithelial cell hyperproliferation induced in the exocrine pancreas of mice by a western-style diet

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a common cause of mortality in the United States, with an estimated 27,800 people dying of the disease in this country in 1996. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that Western diets containing high fat, high protein, and low calcium contents are associated with increased incidence of pancreatic cancer. PURPOSE: We investigated whether a Western-style diet containing increased fat content and decreased calcium and vitamin D contents would induce epithelial cell hyperproliferation (excess cell duplication) or hyperplasia (excess cell accumulation) in the pancreas, as was previously demonstrated in the colon and mammary gland. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice at 4 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 14 mice each. One group received the control diet ad libitum, and the other group was given the Western-style diet ad libitum. After 6, 9, and 15 weeks on the diet, four or five mice per group were infused with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for 72 hours by use of subcutaneously implanted Alzet osmotic pumps. The mice were then killed, and the pancreas of each mouse was removed. In the exocrine pancreas with ductal secretion, the duct system (including interlobular and intralobular ducts and centroacinar [i.e., centroductular] cells) and acini were measured both histopathologically and immunohistochemically (BrdU) and were analyzed without knowledge of the source of the specimens. Two-way analysis of variance was carried out. All P values were generated from two-sided tests for statistical significance. RESULTS: The number of pancreatic ducts (interlobular, intralobular, and centro-acinar-cancer-prone regions in certain rodent models and in humans) and acini per mouse in the Western-style diet group was similar to that in the control diet group during the entire feeding period (P = .76, .32, .93, and .42, respectively). Statistically significant higher BrdU-labeling indices of the ductal interlobular and intralobular epithelial cells were seen in mice fed the Western-style diet than in mice fed the control diet during the entire observation period (P = .014 and .016, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference (P = .098) between both diet groups in the BrdU-labeling indices of the centroacinar epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: A Western-style diet induced pancreatic epithelial cell hyperproliferation in mice, further suggesting that increased fat content and decreased calcium and vitamin D contribute to the development of pancreatic neoplasms.     

基于GIS技术的安徽省重大农业气象灾害测评系统总体设计

对《基于GIS技术的安徽省重大农业气象灾害测评系统》的总体设计方法作了概要介绍。该系统的建立主要是采用GIS技术，综合气候分析、遥感监测、地理环境影响评判等方法，提高对安徽省干旱、洪涝、低温冻害等重大农业气象灾害实时监测、趋势预测，以及对农业生产影响的分析评价结果的准确性。     

Conference key distribution schemes for secure digital mobilecommunications

We propose a new service for digital mobile communication systems. The service enables two or more users to hold a secure conference. Two requirements must be considered: privacy and authentication. Privacy involves ensuring that an eavesdropper cannot intercept the conversations of the parties holding the conference. Authentication involves ensuring that service is not obtained fraudulently in order to avoid usage charges. We present two new conference key distribution schemes for digital mobile communication systems. In these schemes, a group of users can generate a common secret keg over a public channel so that they may hold a secure conference     

Proteinases in renal cell death

The role of proteinases in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cellular death was examined using specific inhibitors of proteinases. Rabbit RPT suspensions were incubated with antimycin A for 1 h or tetrafluoroethyl-L-cysteine (TFEC) for 4 h in the absence or presence of the specific cysteine proteinase inhibitor L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido (4-guanidino)butane (E-64), the serine proteinase inhibitors N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) or 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCS), the serine and cysteine proteinase inhibitors leupeptin or antipain, or the aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin. E-64 and pepstatin decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, a marker of cell death, from RPT exposed either to antimycin A or TFEC. TLCK, DCS, leupeptin, or antipain did not decrease antimycin A- or TFEC-induced cell death. Bromohydroquinone- or t-butylhydroperoxide-induced cell death was not decreased by any of the proteinase inhibitors. Loss of lysosomal membrane potential, indicated by neutral red release, occurred prior to the onset of antimycin A-induced cell death. Extensive inhibition of lysosomal cathepsins B and L by E-64 was correlated with cytoprotection. However, E-64 was only protective after some cell death had occurred. These results suggest that lysosomal cysteine and aspartic proteinases, but not serine proteinases, play a role in RPT cell death induced by antimycin A or TFEC. The observation that E-64 was only protective after some cell death had occurred suggests that lysosomal cathepsins are released from dying cells and subsequently attack the remaining viable cells.